1792 in science

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The year 1792 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Contents 1 Astronomy 2 Biology 3 Exploration and survey 4 History of science 5 Medicine 6 Physics 7 Technology 8 Awards 9 Births 10 Deaths 11 References

Astronomy

• Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach publishes The Tables of the Sun, an essential work for navigation.
• The first Royal Astronomer of Ireland is appointed: the post is combined with the position of Director of the Dunsink Observatory in Dublin.

Biology

• Scottish surgeon Robert Kerr publishes The Animal Kingdom, the first two volumes of an English translation of Linnaeus' Systema Naturae.

Exploration and survey

• May - George Vancouver explores Puget Sound and becomes the first European to see Mount Rainier.
• Ramsden theodolite constructed by Jesse Ramsden for the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain.^[1]

History of science

• Kurt Sprengel publishes Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde in Halle, the first chronologically complete work on the history of medicine.^[2]

Medicine

• Benjamin Rush campaigns for more humane treatment of psychiatric patients in Pennsylvania.^[3]
• François Chopart performs plastic surgery on a lip using a flap from the neck.

Physics

• Abate Giovanni Battista Guglielmini publishes De diuturno terræ motu experimentis physico-mathematicis confirmato opusculum describing experiments carried out in Bologna to demonstrate rotation of the earth.

Technology

• Claude Chappe successfully demonstrates the first semaphore line, between Paris and Lille, constituting an optical telegraph.
• William Murdoch invents gas lighting.
• George Anschutz constructs the first blast furnace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• James Rumsey is granted a patent for a water turbine, in England.^[4]

Awards

• Copley Medal: Benjamin Thompson

Births

• January 12 - Johann Arfvedson, chemist (died 1841)
• February 17 - Karl Ernst von Baer, naturalist (died 1876)
• March 7 - John Herschel, mathematician and astronomer (died 1871)
• May 21 - Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, mathematician, discoverer of the Coriolis effect (died 1843)

Deaths

• October 28 - John Smeaton, civil engineer (born 1724)
• October 28 - Paul Möhring, German physician and scientist (born 1710)

References